Should boys and girls be in separate classes? Essay

â€Å"Single-sex education can be especially harmful for children who do not conform to gender stereotypes. Peers are often the strongest enforcers of sex roles. Boys who do not fit the tough, athletic mold and girls who do not fit feminine stereotypes are subject to bullying or exclusion from other children.† Kimmel, M. (2008). Guyland: The perilous world where boys become men. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. â€Å"It appears that bullying is more severe in single-sex academies, which lack the buffering effects of the opposite sex.† Jackson, C. (2002). Can single-sex classes in co-educational schools enhance the learning experiences of girls and/or boys? An Exploration of Pupils’ perceptions. British Educational Research Journal, 28, 37-48. †When children are separated based on simple biological characteristics, there is potential for serious harm. First, the very act of segregation fosters the belief in deep, far-reaching behavioral and ability differences, which runs counter to the true, statistically modest sex differences that do exist.â€Å" Hyde JS (2005) The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist â€Å"Research shows that segregation promotes stereotyping. When teachers emphasize gender, for instance, by lining up boys and girls separately, the children develop more stereotypic views of gender than peers in classrooms where gender is not emphasized.† Hilliard, Lacey J.; Liben, Lynn S. 2010. Differing levels of gender salience in preschool classrooms: Effects on children’s gender attitudes and intergroup bias. Child Development, 81: 1787-1798. â€Å"In fact, segregated classes also increase teachers’ stereotyping.† Datnow, A., Hubbard, L., & Woody, E. (2001) Is single-gender learning viable in the public sector? Lessons from California’s pilot program. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. â€Å"She found that after two weeks of teachers using gendered language and divisions — lining children up by gender and asking boys and girls to post work on separate bulletin boards — the students showed an increase in gender-stereotyped attitudes toward each other and their choice of toys, and they played less with children of the other sex.† Penn State â€Å"Sex Segregation in Schools Detrimental to Equality.† ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. More behavior problems â€Å"Gender segregation has negative consequences for social behavior. Research has shown that children who spend more time playing only with same-sex peers show increased gender-typed activities, and their behavior becomes increasingly gender-differentiated.† Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2001). The stability and consequences of same-sex peer interactions. Developmental Psychology, 37, 431-446. â€Å"For instance, boys with more exposure to same-sex peers become more aggressive over time, and certain boys, such as those with less self-control, are placed at greater risk for behavior problems.† Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Martin, C. L. (1997). Roles of temperamental arousal and gender segregated play in young children’s social adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 33, 693-702. Main point 2: Prevent socialization between different gender Crossed gender friendship â€Å"By contrast, children in a co-ed class have a wider opportunity to find others they are comfortable with. This is supported by a large recent study of middle and high-school students, where greater numbers of cross-gender friendships were found to reduce the overall level of aggression, compared to schools in which such friendships are rarer.† Faris, R., & Felmlee, D. (2010). Status struggles: Network centrality and gender segregation in same- and cross-gender aggression.American Sociological Review, 76, 48-73. Learn about each other â€Å"To be successful, children must learn to live and work with others whose beliefs, backgrounds, skills, and interpersonal styles are different from their own. Research has clearly shown that children who have interacted with  diverse individuals are better prepared for this task.1 The experience of sharing, working, and learning with children of both genders is vital to developing healthy relationships in both their future families and workplaces.† Orfield, G., Frankenberg, E., & Garces, L. M. (2008). Statement of American social scientists of research on school desegregation to the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents v. Seattle District and Meredith v. Jefferson County. Urban Review, 20, 96-136. Ineffective No advantages â€Å"Our examination of the existing studies leads us to conclude that there is not scientific evidence for positive effects of single-sex schooling,† said Liben. â€Å"That’s not to say that academic outcomes are definitively worse, but neither are they definitively better. Advantages have not been demonstrated.† Penn State â€Å"Sex Segregation in Schools Detrimental to Equality.† ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Expensive Counterclaim: Different learning style Supporting evidence â€Å"Their argument is that girls and boys have very different brains, with boys oriented towards math, science and reasoning, and girls excelling in personal relationships and emotion. In this view, the sexes should be parented and educated differently, and steered towards separate careers.† Rivers, Caryl, and Rosalind C. Barnett. â€Å"Education.† Single-Sex Schooling Loses Ground for Good Reasons. N.p., June 2013. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Counterclaim evidence â€Å"Some supporters of single-sex schools claim that brain differences between boys and girls require different teaching styles. But neuroscientists have found few differences between male and female brains, and none has been linked to different learning styles.† â€Å"It’s simply not true that boys and girls learn differently,† she said. â€Å"Advocates for single-sex education don’t like the parallel with racial segregation, but the parallels are there. We used to believe that the races learned differently, too.† Lewin,  Tamar. â€Å"Single-Sex Education Is Assailed in Report.† The New York Times. The New York Times, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. Links https://thesanfordschool.asu.edu/acces/evidence-based-answers-0

Oxidation Reduction Reactions

8. 07 Work File: Oxidation Reduction Reactions 1. What is the difference between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent? The oxidation number (overall charge of the atom) is reduced in reduction and this is accomplished by adding electrons. The electrons, being negative, reduce the overall oxidation number of the atom receiving the electrons. Oxidation is the reverse process: the oxidation number of an atom is increased during oxidation. This is done by removing electrons. The electrons, being negative, make the atom that lost them more positive 2. When first learning to balance equations, we learned that the number of atoms of each element in the products and reactants must be equivalent. What are some additional factors that must be taken into account when balancing equations for redox reactions? Some additional factors that must be taken into account when balancing equations for redox reactions are: dividing the equation into an oxidation half-reaction and a reduction half reaction, multiplying each half-reaction by an integer such that the number of electrons lost in one equals the number gained in the other, and combining the half-reactions then cancel. 3. What are half reactions? A half- reaction is simply one which shows either reduction OR oxidation, but not both. 4. What two aspects of the half-reaction equations must be balanced? Oxidation and reduction charges 5. For the equation Ag + NO3 – ? Ag + + NO (Note: This reaction takes place in an acidic solution. ) Step 1: What substance is reduced? NO3 Step 2: What substance is oxidized? Ag Step 3: What is the half reaction for oxidation? Ag ? Ag+ + 1e- Step 4: What is the half reaction for reduction? (NO3)- +4H+ +3e- ? NO + 2H2O Step 5: What is the net balanced equation? 3e- + 3Ag + 4H+ + NO3? 3Ag+ +NO+ 2H2O+ 3e- Step 6: What is the reduced equation? 3Ag + 4H+ + NO3 —> NO + 2H2O + 3Ag

Discuss the two objections to the use of fair value measurement Essay

Discuss the two objections to the use of fair value measurement referred to above, and critically examine how far they are valid - Essay Example The first objection says that the method is, thus, not good for financial reporting while the second says that the method will be against the stakeholders and investors’ interest. This study seeks to analyze fair value measurement method in accounting in light of the aforementioned objections. Before embarking on the study’s purpose, it is of essence, though, to define fair value as given by IASB. According to IFRS 13, Fair value is that price that one would receive if he/she disposed an asset or paid to ensure an obligation’s transfer in an orderly kind of transaction between players in a market at the date of measurement. IFRS 13 is there to increase comparability and consistency in measurements that use fair value method and the disclosures that go in tandem through what is referred to as ‘fair value hierarchy’. This hierarchy categorizes the inputs that are usually utilized in the techniques of valuation into three main levels. This hierarchy pri oritizes at the top, the unadjusted/quoted prices for identical liabilities or assets and in active markets. The lowest priority is given to unobservable type of inputs. The levels of inputs are explained as under. Level 1 inputs refer to the quoted prices in the active markets for liabilities or assets that are identical that the entity can get at the date of measurement. ... Those scholars who are against this method argue that fair value method presents information that is unreliable since it is not usually based upon transactions at arm’s length. Thus, it should not be used when it comes to investors’ making financial decisions. Under its reliability, cynics say that it is not a reliable measurement method. Some of the scholars against this method like Cunningham Colleen, the president of FEI- Financial Executives International, said that the information that is generated by this method cannot be of any relevant use to an investor. According to Cunningham, it is in fact useless to an investor. Income statements are subject to manipulation if this method is applied in measurements. (Shortridge et al, 2006) Fair values are not applicable in cases of firm’s arbitraging of market prices. It is not an appropriate method especially when a firm adds value for stockholders by way of purchasing at input prices of the market and disposing at output prices of the market. In this case, the argument is that the raw materials applied in the process of manufacturing do not gain their value from a variance in their exit prices in the market, but as inputs into processes which add values to the existing market prices by making a product as well as selling the same to consumers. This is because a variance in the value for stockholders is not really connected to a variance in the prices of the market. Thus, as a form of stewardship stockholders should be rewarded by the management through other basis, but not using market values. Also efficient prices are reliant on historical costs and, thus, fair market value measurements cannot serve as substitutes under this kind of scenario. The

Human relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human relation - Essay Example In doing so, three factors have to be considered. These are: the effectiveness of Personal Communication, Communication in the work Place, and Getting along with your manager, coworker, and customers. How do these factors affect me in my personal environment and workplace? First let us have a definition of human relations. Dictionary meaning of the term defines it as â€Å"the study of group behavior for the purpose of improving interpersonal relationships, as among employees. It is further defined as â€Å"the skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people† (Lamberton, chap. 01, p.4). A separate description that I find more suitable states that human relations â€Å"includes all interactions with people whether it is conflict, cooperative effort or group relationships†. In a broader sense it is the study of why, beliefs, and attitudes that cause a strain in work-related relationship. So in the end, it emphasizes not only analysis of behavior, but provides strategies for prevention, resolution of the problems and self development (College. HMCO , 2008, ch. 01, p. 3, pdf) Several authors and studies point to factors that affect human relations in business. Lamberton, (chap.01, p.16 ) in his study, argued that human relations has two goals: one is for personal development and growth; and the other is for the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives. In order to achieve these goals, the three areas of major importance in human relations that has to be understood are Personal Communication Effectiveness, Communication is described as an important element of human relations because it is the process of transferring of information from one person to another (Skills you need, 2014) . Although the definition may seem to be simple, I argue that communication process is the core of the functions of management since it transfers ideas, thoughts, and feelings from one to another. So therefore, communications

Agriculture Policy in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Agriculture Policy in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The Saudi government also embarked on a water impounding projects so as to get the full use of the four inches of rain they receive annually. Water is also obtained from deep wells and desalinization projects the main goals of this is to provide sufficient water for agriculture, industrial uses and also clean water for consumption by humans, Hence wastewater is treated and used for industrial and agricultural purposes and this has greatly helped in the transformation of deserts into fertile farmland. These desalinization plants have been put up to produce fresh water from the sea for industrial and urban use hence freeing up other sources of water for agricultural purposes. Dams have also been set up to trap seasonal floods. Agricultural research stations have also been set up by the government to aid the farmers figure out ways to adopt and improve their farming methods into the harsh desert climate (Daryll E Ray 2005).Apart from the ministry of agriculture other government agencies like the Saudi Arabian Agricultural Bank (SAAB), grants interest free loans, disburses subsidies. The grain silos and flour mills organization that buys and store wheat.The private sector has also come in and partnered with the government of Saudi Arabia to play in a big role in the offering of long term interest free loans, free seeds and fertilizer, technical and support services to the farmers, low cost fuel, electricity and water and the duty free imports of raw materials and machinery.

Successful Enterprise in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Successful Enterprise in Russia - Essay Example However, Gorbachev created so-called cooperative enterprises that were allowed by the government. Highly volatility was observed in the institutional environment of the Russia. In many regions, market economy in support of weak institutions, and large variations were found regionally. In other words, the development of the private sector was affected by the corruption, bureaucratic harassment, as well as, racketeering adversely. Furthermore, financial intermediaries that were developed poorly also affected the development of the sector. "There is a push in Russia to advance the cause of the entrepreneur by providing classes that assist the population in learning how to develop their own business. Reports indicate that other European Universities will see as many as 70% of their higher education centers providing classes on business development". (Lindsay, 2006) Entrepreneurial development was not considered by the inherited ideology of the Russia, which was similar to a number of other centrally planned countries of the world. In the Soviet, speculators were equated with the period entrepreneurs. Furthermore, profit making by these entrepreneurs was considered as a criminal activity. Independent innovative culture was stifled by the ideology of the Soviet state. On the other hand, development of a punishment-oriented culture was done by the ideologists. In the result, corruption was created by the discretionary power of the officials. Bureaucratic means were used for the running of the economy. Thus, the appetite for risk taking was suppressed by the concentration of reward on plan attainment. (Ellman, 1994) "Throughout the history of enterprises Russian entrepreneurs did a remarkably good job of seeking out profit opportunities". (Paul, 1987) As a result, informal norms and values were combined with the weakness of formal institution enforcement, and a less-conductive environment was created in the result, which affected the development of new entrepreneurial firms adversely. In this regard, a number of existing barriers to entrepreneurship that are being confronted presently have been pointed out by many authors. Property rights enforcement has been lack in the Russia, which is one of the examples of these barriers. It has also been pointed out that the government officials have enriched their personal needs by the corrupt behavior that has characterized the grabbing hand model of government intervention, which has been emerging in the present Russia. Although the facilitation of exchange reducing transaction costs has been the one of the objectives behind the designing of the formal rules, different ways can affect the individuals, as well as, groups by them. "According to --------- As individuals -- and increasingly, collectively in grassroots organizations -- entrepreneurs in Russia are fighting back against the mediocrity and parasitism that is endemic in the country's public and commercial life. They are ideal fighters because entrepreneurs are the first to feel

Read the selections from the 2 legalists, han feizi and Li Si, posted Essay

Read the selections from the 2 legalists, han feizi and Li Si, posted on canvas, compare that to the teachings of confucianism. write down a few aspects where legalism would not agree with confucianism - Essay Example Domestic violence refers to physical or emotional abuse directed to one whom you are in a relationship or married. Domestic violence usually occurs to any person irrespective of gender, age, race, religion or location. In any form of domestic violence, there is often the abuser and the one who is abused. Recognizing domestic violence at an early stage is critical at ending it in any form of relationship (Davis, 2008). Therefore, understanding it in depth is what most articles would talk about. Based on the publishers, the issue of domestic violence is a reality in the society and should be addressed as soon as possible. Moreover, the writer has maintained a neutral ground while talking about the issue without pointing any fingers towards any person that exist in an abusive relationship. Based on the authors writing, writer’s association with special interest to domestic violence victims can view her point of view as unbiased (Smith, 2014). All in all, it is clear that the auth or related to the problems faced by people in domestic violence scenarios, addressed them in relation to his thesis. Davis, R. L. (2008). Domestic violence: intervention, prevention, policies, and solutions. N.p.: Boca Raton: CRC Press, c2008. Retrieved April 30, 2014, from

Multinational Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multinational Corporation - Assignment Example The tourism sector in projected to increase by 5% annually in the next five years, despite the existing economic and political uphills. It is therefore evident that the tourism sector is likely to be a major revenue generating business for Guam is the economy and political conditions find an appropriate and long lasting solution. In reinventing itself, Guam has acquired Applebee’s, a restaurant intended to satisfy the food tastes for the Japanese, Chamorro and Filipino. The restaurant is expected to one of Guams latest to be located in Hawaii. However, the bad news is that, the restaurant is likely to lose out on already established restaurants serving the same array of dishes and a favorite for many tourists. Ruby is among the well established Guam’s direct competitor. Applebee’s will have to shift its main focus from tourism and concentrate on building a loyal local customer base. The kind of meals offered in the franchise should focus on offering meals with less than 550 calories, which happens to be the new trend. Another factor is the location of the franchise, most seem to be directly located closer to their competitors. Guam will have to consider placing their restaurants at strategic locations in order to continue attracting customers in the future after they are

Dada Arts influence on later 20th Century Art Research Paper

Dada Arts influence on later 20th Century Art - Research Paper Example The Dada leaders emphasized a total deletion of all prior prescribed rules, dogmas, and formulas. The movers insisted that the current system that controls societal ethics, moralities, and cultures must be replaced by freedom. Freedom includes the freedom do whatever one feels is art. The Dada art movers insisted that there will be no more rules, especially art rules. Thus, anyone can draw, paint, or take a picture of mundane objects and classify such ordinary objects as art (Brill 72). Further, Verkauf criticized the members of the Dada movements as individuals who prioritizing shocking society with their unorthodox art masterpieces. Verkauf reiterated that the art pieces of the Dada artists are both shocking and without any sense of reality, including artistic art sense. Some terms were recognized ad Dada art inspired. Picadia reiterated that the Dada Art movement did not expecting anything. They wanted nothing, nothing, and nothing. The Dada artists want the viewers of their art masterpieces and understand nothing, nothing, and nothing. The Dada artists clearly want freedom the established societal art norms (Brill 72). In addition, one of the founders of the Dadaism art movement is Marcel Duchamp. Duchamp and other Dadaism did not accept the popularity of the conventional art genres. Instead, Duchamp focused on the subject of the found art style. The style is characterized by the depicting an object or situation that one interestingly find.

Macbeth’s Gender Role Reversal Essay Example for Free

Macbeth’s Gender Role Reversal Essay William Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men on the other hand were typically expected to work hard and to provide for the home. Socially women didn’t have power or respect and men were the ones who were supposed to be brave and tough at the best of times and the worst of times. That idea is challenged many times throughout Macbeth as their are several examples where Lady Macbeth remains strong while Macbeth crumbles and becomes weak. The play consistently challenges the society norms of gender roles. It’s obvious the Macbeth’s don’t serve as your stereotypical husband and wife. Right away throughout the first couple of acts, Shakespeare introduces Lady Macbeth’s character as an assertive and dominant woman that makes the decisions over her husband Macbeth. Lady Macbeth really makes it apparent that she wears the pants in there relationship. For example, in scene 1 act 5 when Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth King Duncan is coming and he seems to be very hesitant on how he will handle the King’s presence. Lady Macbeth takes charge and asserts her dominance by saying, â€Å"He that’s coming/ Must be provided for, and you shall put/ This night’s great business into my dispatch† (scene 1 act 5 64-66).In traditional society, if the king is coming to your house, it would be very unusual for the lady of the house to be in charge of handling the appearance by the king. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth also exchange roles in the way they handle their emotions and the way they handle the guilt. For instance, when it comes to the thought of murder and death, Lady Macbeth shows no mercy, and when King Duncan was murdered, she remained unphased by the act. This is apparent when she deals with Macbeth leaving the gory daggers at the site of the murder, â€Å"Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead/ Are but as pictures; ‘tis the eye of childhood/ That fears a painted devil.†(scene 2 act 2 56-58). Macbeth is portrayed as emotionally unstable and soft as he is afraid to even go back into the room where the murder took place, â€Å"I’ll go no more/ I am afraid to think what I have done†(scene 2 act 2 54-55). This interaction between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth really shows the unusual roles one another play in their relationship because, in a situation where someone is murdered or there is a serious crime, women aren’t usually t he ones who are brave and strong-minded about it, men are. As the play goes on, Lady Macbeth begins to lose her fierce and intimidating persona as Macbeth becomes the more assertive and dominant one. Lady Macbeth starts losing her edge when it becomes less difficult to get Macbeth to follow through with his murderous acts. Anytime Macbeth thinks you’re interfering with his kinship, he’ll have no problem taking you down and getting you out of his way. Macbeth no longer needs Lady Macbeth to persuade him. This is very apparent when he shows no mercy planning the murder of Banquo, â€Å"There’s comfort yet, they are assailable/ Then be thou jocund: ere the bat hath flown/ His cloistered flight, ere to black Hecate’s summons/ The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums/ Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there shall be done/ A deed of dreadful note† (scene 3 act 2 40-44). A completely different Macbeth we see out of this quote, no longer hesitant and no longer appearing to be affected by guilt. Now that Macbeth is this individual who is ready and eager to kill, Lady Macbeth begins to show the side of her that wasn’t present at the beginning of the play, â€Å"Come on. Gentle my lord/ Sleek o’er your rugged looks, be bright and jovial/ Among your guests tonight† (act 3 scene 2 26-28). Lady Macbeth expresses emotion and traits of care, unlike any other time. The play Macbeth features many different gender reversals throughout the entire play. Shakespeare really tests the normality of having women be the assertive and dominant one in a marriage while having the man be kind of timid and soft. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s gender reversals distinctively show the extreme traits one another possess and it gives an opposite perspective than what we are used to. Whatever goes up always must come down, and when Lady Macbeth and Macbeth begin to form into traditional gender roles, that becomes the start of their decline.

Aged Care Service Delivery Health And Social Care Essay

Aged Care Service Delivery Health And Social Care Essay The aging of population is a common issue facing most countries and regions in the world, which brings great pressure on society and family, as well as new challenges to the aging care service delivery (Hughes, 2004). For example, older people are more likely to have chronic diseases due to the function decline ¼Ã…’ such as cardiovascular ¼Ã…’ cerebrovascular diseases, Parkinsons disease, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus and others, or accident trauma such as injures by falling. As a result, there are mental/psychological issues facing those older people, and the caring needs are even more complicated than those for the younger adults (Fleming and FitzGerald, 2009). Moreover, this will increase the health care needs of the aged population with a burden which has been increased on the aged care system. With the increasing aging population, there are more number of older people in the need of aged care service delivery. However, the aged care service delivery is under the influ ences of various factors in the community or society, facing different kinds of issues. As in this paper, it will then focus on how the health care needs of older people are being addressed today and to the future. To be specific, it will firstly figure out the current status of aged care service delivery, particularly involving the problems existed; secondly, the paper will then critically analyse the economic, social, cultural and political issues associated with aged care service delivery; afterwards, in response to the indicated issues and problems as well as the impacts, the future directions for the quality care of older people will be discussed. At last, it will be the conclusion summarizing the main points of the paper. 2.0 Current Status of Aged Care Service Delivery in Australia As indicated, with the increasing proportion of older people, the aging of population has already grown into a huge social issue, bringing increasing burden on the health care system of Australia. 2.1 Growth of an Aging Society in Australia During the recent decades in the 20th and 21st century, there have been significant changes in human society, in particular the population demographics. Specifically, due to the increased longevity and low fertility rates, migration and technological advances, the aged population accounts for increasing proportion during the period. Concerning the Australian population, the age group of people over 65 years old has grown from 8% in 1980-1981 to 13% in 2005-2006, this figure is projected to increase to 26%-28% in 2051, and 27%-31% in 2101. Particularly, when the aging population over 60 years old accounts for more than 10% of the total population or the aging population over 65 years old is more than 7% of the total population in a society, it will be the aging of population in the society. This is naturally bringing great pressure on many aspects of the social life, especially the health care field and the economic aspect (Australian Government, 2004). The health condition of aged people is fragile, comparing to more energetic younger adults. Because of the body function decline, there is high morbidity rate in the aged population, and the common diseases include cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, Parkinsons disease, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases, or accident trauma such as injures by falling. Furthermore, these diseases are often companied by some mental issues and psychological problems like depression and mental disorders (Fleming and FitzGerald, 2009). In this case, the aged populations are more likely to demand for health care services, with increasing burden on the health care system. Older people are the major service object of home care. The main demands of older people are assistance in the activities of daily living. This care for the aged people is mainly offered by several types of providers such as the spouse, the children, the nursing staff, community service and other service organizations (Ergas, 2009). The care modes are also different because of different cultures and traditions in different countries and regions. For example, Australia health organizations provide high quality community services to ageing rather than some Asia countries home care modes. In addition, economic and financial constraints and other factors also have influences on aged care. For example, high payment will enable the aged people to receive more advanced care, while lack of access to effective health care will hinder the aged people to receive prompt care services. 2.2 Care Insurance System for Aged Care in Australia There are two types of aged care insurance system, which are insurance of social security and commercial insurance (Jacobs and Goddard, 2002). Concerning the social insurance enforced by the government, there are various sources of the funds, which include the insurance premium paid by the insured, and the subsidies provided by the governments. Regarding the commercial insurance, it has been developed due to the increasing health needs of the aged people (Theobald, 2003). Whether to participate in this kind of commercial insurance is totally depending on the insurance applicants, which is a flexible type of care insurance for the aged people. As in Australia, national health care system has been adopted, which means that every individual has the right to enjoy appropriate health care insurance, including the aged care provided for the aged people. In this case, the aged people can receive care insurance for the health care services equally in Australia, due to the national system supported by the government. However, with the increasing financial burden on the health care system, commercial insurance has also been largely used, as the government has encouraged the citizens to buy different kinds of commercial insurance packages so as to share the burden. Specifically, the government will provide subsidy for people who purchase commercial insurance; the earlier they purchase it, the more subside they can get. From this perspective, the aged care services in Australia are paid by both the country and the service users. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007) 2.3 Existing Problems Facing Aged Care in Australia As stated, the aging of population has been a great issue facing the Australian society, with increasing burden on health care system. Specifically, due to this great pressure and burden, there exist various problems facing the aged care service delivery in Australia. 2.3.1 Increasing Health Care Needs and Growing Care Difficulty Due to the increasing possibility of morbidity of the aged people, the hospitalization rate has been growing, with more demands on the care service delivery, in addition to increasing costs. Comparing to the younger adult patients, the health care for the aged people is much more complicated, involved in the entire process of are evaluation, care plan, and care delivery, because the aged patients are often suffering from more than one disease. Furthermore, hospitalization itself also has great threat to the health condition and body function of the aged patients. According to the studies by Creditor (1993) and Riedinger and Robbins (1998), about one third of the aged people experiencing hospitalization have then experienced a decline in one or several abilities in the activities of daily living, while over 15% of the in-hospital aged patients may suffer from adverse drug reaction. Other problems like lacking of beds, overabundant emergency cases, noisy environment and lacking of spac e for medical facilities have also increased the risks for the aged patients like patient falls (Courtney, OReilly, Edwards and Hassall, 2007). In addition, there also exists information obstacle in the care service delivery, for example, the nursing staff may not be able to obtain first hand information of the patients from relevant staff or organizations, which can greatly affect the quality of care for the aged patients, and also make the care service process even more complicated (Leventhal, 2008). 2.3.2 Lacking of Aged Care Workforce Lacking of nursing staff is one of the severe challenges facing the aged care service delivery (Stubbings and Scott, 2004). Specifically, the shortage of nurses involve two aspects: one is the reduction of nursing staff including registered nurses, non-registered nurses and other hospital workers; the other is the ageing of nursing staff. There are various reasons contributing to this situation, such as the increasing complexity of aged care, the decreasing enrollment of nurses, as well as the reducing satisfaction of the nurses on their occupation, and the increasing job choices for women workers (Newman and Maylor, 2002). Moreover, the low wages and bad working environment also lead to the decline in nurse enrollment. This shortage of nursing staff, particularly the professional nursing staff whom with abundant skills and experiences in caring the aged people has then been a great problem for the aged care service deliver. 2.3.3 Insufficient Aged Care Education and Training Due to the traditional views on the nursing occupation, education and training are relatively limited, such as the knowledge on aged care. Thus, there is also lacking of aged care education organizations and qualified senior nurses with sufficient knowledge and skills related to aged care. Further, sufficient education and training on aged care is likely to cause communication misunderstanding between the nurses and the aged patients, so as to negatively affect the quality of care. Particularly, in a study conducted by Jacelon (2002) in the acute care setting, the aged patients regard drug administration and provision of direct care needs as the major responsibility of the nurses; while the nurses themselves regard health education and emotional support as their responsibility. This disparity of attitudes toward nursing responsibility will then cause problems during the aged care service delivery process. 3.0 Issues Associated with Aged Care Service Delivery In the above sections, the current status of aged care in Australia has been presented, including the general situation of ageing population, and the health care demands of the aged people, as well as the care insurance system to aged care in the country, and the existing problems facing the Australian aged care. From this perspective, it can be indicated that aged care service delivery is a complicated process involving many aspects and issues. More specifically, there are economic, social, cultural and political issues associated with aged care service delivery. 3.1 Economic Issues Economic issues are the primary influencing factor that has potential impacts on the aged care service delivery. Since the total population of aged people is increasing, it has been difficult for the government or society to afford the aged health care services for this increasing aged population (Access Economics, 2003; Productivity Commission, 2005). Economic status will to a great extent influence the aged care service delivery in a country. To be specific, if Australia is experiencing an economic downturn for a period, then its input into the health care service including the aged care service will be negatively impacted. Furthermore, the increasing burden on health care expenditure due to the increasing cost on aged care is a great economic issue facing the aged care service delivery in Australia. 3.2 Social Issues The aged population as part of the total population in a society or community is a social issue itself, and the whole society is closely associated with the aged population since they are the elderly family members of other population in the society or community (Beadnell, 2006). Due to this, there are then social issues associated with the aged care service delivery in Australia. First, family members like children and other relatives are also a type of care providers for the aged people; however, in a highly developed country like Australia, the Australian people are often too busy working or with other pressure in their lives, so that they cannot take effective care of the aged people. Second, community care is a common type of care delivered to the aged people, which can also lead to social issue for the aged care. For example, how nursing home or communities for the elderly can be effectively established and managed is a great social issue for facilitating effective aged care se rvice delivery. 3.3 Cultural Issues Due to the diversified cultures existed in the world, there are different attitudes toward the aged population. For example, in some cultures, the aged people are regarded as burden on the economic development and the society; while in other cultures, the aged people are highly respected. Determined by these different attitudes, the aged care service delivery in different cultures can also be differing from each other. Moreover, the ways to caring the aged people are also differing in cultures. To be specific, in the eastern cultures, the aged people tend to be cared by their families, and it is considered cruel if the aged people are sent to nursing homes since their families like their children do not take care of them. However, in the western developed countries, it is common that the aged people are being cared in nursing homes or accepting community services as these aged people are more independent. Australia is a multicultural country, due to the migration of people from many other countries and regions with different cultural backgrounds. This cultural diversity determines that the aged care service delivery is also varying in these different cultural communities. From this perspective, how to offer effective aged care service in such cultural diversely communities becomes an important issue for the Australian people. 3.4 Political Issues Political issues mainly refer to the policies and strategies adopted by the Australian government, concerning the health care service provision, which includes the aged care. In particular, the major political issue associated with the aged care in Australia is the issue of health care insurance. As it is know, Australia has adopted a national health care system the Medicare, aiming to provide health care service to all Australian citizens equally. However, health care is too expensive for individuals and even the government to afford. In this situation, the increasing health care costs has been a burden on the governments health care expenditure, so the government has turned to other ways to facilitate the health care including the care for the aged people. 4.0 Future Directions for the Quality Care of Aged People Based on the above problems and issues indicated, associated with the aged care service delivery, there are several implications for facilitating quality care of aged people in Australia in the future. First, the governments effort and input should be enhanced, paying sufficient attention to the health care needs of the aged people, because it accounts for a large proportion in the national population. From this perspective, the federal government and state governments in Australia should develop more effective policies and strategies for the aged care. Second, the workforce for the aged care should be another focus for improving quality care of aged people in the future. From this perspective, the working condition for the care providers especially the nursing staff should be improved, so as to attract the nurses to work in this field; in addition, more effective education and training concerning the knowledge and skills of aged care should be developed for the nursing staff and other care providers. Third, community care services should be put an emphasis since it can lead to more prompt services for the aged population. Generally, not all aged people are committed to hospitals for caring, and a larger proportion of aged people are lacking of abilities in activities of daily living, which require for relevant assistance rather than hospital services. Thus, community services should be promoted for better aged care service delivery. 5.0 Conclusion This paper has focused on the heath care for the aged people and how their care needs are being addressed today and to the future. The current status has been particularly presented. Due to various reasons including increased longevity and low fertility rates, migration and technological advances and others, the aging of population has been a growing trend in Australia. Determined by the function decline, the increasing health care demands that can make a burden on the health care system of Australia. Moreover, it is indicated that the care insurance system in Australia, determined by its adoption of national health care system, as well as the support for the commercial insurance to share the financial burden. However, there are also various issues facing the aged care system in Australia, which mainly refer to the increasing health care needs and care difficulty and complexity, the shortage of care providers or nursing staff, and the insufficient aged care education and training. Fu rthermore, due to the many different aspects and issues involved in aged care, it has presented a complicated process of aged care service deliver. In particular, there are economic, social, cultural and political issues that may be associated with aged care service delivery in Australia. These different issues determined by economic, social, cultural and political factors can generate great impacts on the process of aged care service delivery. Based on this, the future directions for the quality care of aged people have also been discussed to focus on the governments efforts; the development of effective workforce; and the community care services for aged people.

Letter from Sidney to Shakespeare: A Comparison of Two Sonnets :: 81 Play Essays

Letter from Sidney to Shakespeare: A Comparison of Two Sonnets My Dearest William, I have just returned from seeing your marvelous new tragedy Romeo and Juliet, and I wish to offer my sincere congratulations on another stupendous success! One particular passage from the play has stuck in my mind. In the first act, scene five, Romeo and Juliet exchange a dialogue about a kiss which is in the form of a sonnet. This reminded me of one of my own sonnets: Sonnet #81 of Astrophil and Stella. Your views on the subject of kissing are very interesting, and in many ways parallel my own. For instance, you compare kissing to a holy and prayer-like act, where as I compare it to a union of souls. There was one aspect of your sonnet that reminded me very much of my own. Your Juliet is very clever and quick-witted in speaking to the lovesick Romeo in the same way that my Stella is in her response to Astrophil. In your poem, Romeo believes he is being very clever, but Juliet consistently turns his quick-witted statements around on him. Romeo tries to flatter Juliet by calling her hand a â€Å"holy shrine† which he hesitates to â€Å"profane with [his] unworthiest hand† (Shakespeare, I.v.95-6). Juliet later insisted that he does not give himself enough credit: â€Å"you do wrong your hand too much† (I.v.99). Romeo compares his lips to â€Å"two blushing pilgrims† with which he offers to remedy his rough touch by giving her a kiss. This begins an extended metaphor of the relationship between saints, their supplicants, and in a roundabout way, God. As Juliet explains, pilgrims show their devotion when they appeal to saints in prayer. A â€Å"holy palmer’s kiss,† is a prayer, â€Å"palm to palm,† to the saint (I.v.102). In much the same way, Romeo places his hand together with Juliet’s hand in a sort of prayer. Romeo tries to use this analogy to his advantage by asking, â€Å"Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?† (I.v.103). However Juliet replies to his apparent cleverness by explaining that both saints and pilgrims use their lips in prayer, not in simple kissing as Romeo is suggesting. Romeo then makes a last effort to obtain the kiss he desires. He calls her a saint, implying that he intends to be her pilgrim.

Manufacturing in Space :: science space manufacturing

Man's capability to leave the Earth offers many new prospects for the future. Asteroid mining, building launch facilities on the moon, tourism, and space manufacturing are only some of the many opportunities that are being considered. There are many considerations which must be examined . For example, in the case of manufacturing in space, economic factors include : can it be done on Earth ? If so, which offers a most cost effective venue?; environmental factors include both contamination of the plant and whatever pollutants may be generated in the manufacturing process. Let us examine some of the advantages and disadvantages of this enterprise. Advantages Why manufacture in space? Space offers many unique conditions which alter the properties of materials manufactured. The two major conditions are lack of gravity and lack of contamination Microgravity Gravity causes properties familiar to all of us. One of which is the separation of fluids according to density. With the removal of gravity, alloys and mixtures of materials with properties incompatible here on Earth can be made, resulting in alloys or mixtures which have completely different properties than those found on earth. Other processes which benefit from a lack of gravity include welding, crystal growth, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, non linear optic and photonic materials. Contamination: Space is a sterile environment. Sensitive production such as semi conductors and biotech would benefit from not having to use expensive equipment to filter out harmful dust which is so prevalent on the Earth. Disadvantages The major disadvantage to manufacturing in space is cost. Currently all space bound vehicles are government owned. Fee structures for sending materials into space are exorbitant and delivery service is both uncertain and infrequent. It costs approximately $20,000.00 per pound to send materials into space currently. Although NASA's goal is to get the cost down to $100.00 per pound it is not likely that this will happen any time soon. Scheduling also remains a problem. The current shuttle fleet flies about 7 missions per year compared to a goal of once per week.

The Impact of Women in The Iliad Essays -- Role of Women in the Trojan

Women have always been recognized for their strong influence on the actions of men. Because of his love for Delia, Samson told his secret of his power and ended up losing it. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth urged Macbeth to commit murder. More recently, Eleanor Roosevelt strongly influenced the decisions that Franklin D. Roosevelt made. Women of Homer's epic, The Iliad, were considered primary instigators of the Trojan war. The characteristics attributed to women in ancient Greek mythology may have been key to the outbreak of the war. But many ask why Homer would choose to reflect so deeply on the feminine roles of this war fought by men. Although the beginning of the war was not spoken of in The Iliad, the origin of the war is traced back to jealous goddesses. The gods and goddesses were feasting together to celebrate the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Eris, the goddess of discord, had not been invited. She came, however, and threw among the guests a golden apple, on which was inscribed "For the fairest." Three goddesses claimed the apple. They were Hera, wif...

Good vs. Evil in Psycho Essay

â€Å"Psycho† is a classic suspense film directed by Alfred Hitchcock which features a central female protagonist, a seemingly ordinary young woman named Marion Crane, who crosses paths with a dangerous mentally ill motel owner, Norman Bates. As their strange relationship develops, a dominant theme of good versus evil is introduced to the audience through the use of characterisation, editing, mise-en-scene and various other media techniques. From the outset, Hitchcock introduces an initial theme of good versus evil during the opening credits. The title scene could be seen as a reflection of the personality of Norman Bates as the credits themselves are presented as fragmented titles which come together as one on the screen but then shake and split up again, which hints towards the disjointed personality of Bates. The fact that the titles are dotted around the screen suggests that his character is severely unbalanced and not in a stable condition, foreshadowing the idea that his mind is in different places at different times and it is hard to tell when his mind-set will alter. The contrasting colours used in this scene are also important to the later character development as the black, white and grey each reflect the constantly conflicting part of Bates’ temperament. The darker areas on the screen reflect the deepest inner shadow of his mind, while the lighter areas show that he can also be a good person. They show the persistent inner conflict and the constant battle between good and evil. The grey, however, represents the uncertain parts of his split personality but could also be interpreted to refer to the indecision and doubt seen in the character of Marion as the film develops. This primary theme is developed as we are familiarised with the character of Marion Crane, the dominant leading role. We first see her meeting up with her boyfriend, Sam, in a hotel room during her lunch hour. The camera enters the room by zooming through the window and Hitchcock wants us to feel as if we are intruding on a private moment between the characters inside. This sense of voyeurism is clearly accentuated by the very first shot of the couple which is very personal and intimate – making the viewer feel rather awkward. This scene acts as a vital link to the film as a whole and is fundamental for the expansion of the theme of good and evil as it gives Marion a clear reason to steal the money in the scene that follows. Marion is presented as a good character at this point as her good intentions are outlined: we see that she just wants to marry Sam and for them to be able to be together respectably. When Sam states that he would not be able to provide for her, Marion is given an obvious ulterior motive and a chance to make the transition from good to evil, therefore setting up the entire film. We also notice that, the first time we see Marion, she is wearing white underwear: hinting to her kind and innocent personality but, when we see her after she has made the decision to steal the money, she is wearing black underwear. This visual symbolism presents a contrast between the two different stages of characterisation and depicts the character change of Marion as she goes from good to evil. Similar to the original view of Marion, when we first meet Norman Bates he seems like a very ordinary person, but as the scenes progress we begin to notice slight abnormalities in his behaviour. When Marion arrives at the Bates Motel, the heavy rain which forces her to stop is foreshadowing her impending doom while acting as effective pathetic fallacy as she is feeling isolated and guilty at this point. The fact that Norman hesitates before giving her the key to cabin one hints at his irregularity, along with the fact that he opens the window as soon as he enters the room – as if he is setting up his own escape route – and he never mentions the bathroom, foretelling the event which will take place there. Also, when Marion is checking into the motel, what should have been a clear view of Bates is blurred in the mirror: showing that he is changeable and that his personality is hazy. In a similar shot, only half of his face is shown and this clearly symbolises the fact that only one half of him can ever be fully good at any one time – the other half will always remain evil. However, sympathy is also evoked for Norman in this scene as we see that his mother takes an instant dislike to Marion – something which you would not normally see between two strangers. We see how close – and slightly strange – the relationship between Norman and his mother and the unnatural dependence they have on each other, showing that Norman is trapped in his current situation and making him seem like a good person. A similar effect is used throughout the scene in Norman’s parlour by with the use of light and dark as the lighting picks out significant features such as only one side of Norman’s face and the underside of the owl’s wings. The owl with its wings spread signifies his mother controlling his mind and shows that she is ever present, although we never see her, even when he is behaving normally she will always be inside his mind, therefore making the viewer feel sympathetic towards him as he has no control over his actions. Conversely, framing him next to an owl may suggest that Norman is a predator and the owl is his equal. Like the owl, many other birds are featured in the parlour scene, linking back to the recurring theme. Framing Marion next to them when she first enters the room makes her seem vulnerable and presents her as equal to the birds which Norman has stuffed. The shower scene is important to the character development of Marion as we see her clear transition from the evil character she turned into after stealing the money back to the good character we saw in the beginning. She has changed her mind about stealing the money and has made the decision to go home. We are able to pinpoint the exact moment of relief as she flushes the toilet: it is as if she is flushing away her problems and guilt. This effect is also used when the water goes down the plughole in the shower: representing the washing away of her sins. However, I feel that this image could also be taken to represent evil as Marion’s life is being washed away and she is going to down to Hell for the sins she has committed. A contrast between Norman and his Mother is clearly displayed in this scene although we also see that Norman can be evil while being totally himself as we see him spying on Marion before she is murdered. After the murder, Norman is linked to the crime in many ways. The camera work and editing assists this by panning directly to a view of Norman’s house, telling the story without the need for dialogue. Almost immediately following this we see Norman running from the house and consequently directly linking himself to the murder. We see him automatically assume that his mother has killed Marion without questioning her, making the viewer even more suspicious of him. Both good and evil sides of Norman are presented to the audience at this point as, although he seems flustered and hurried when he first discovers what his mother has done, he is able to relax into a state of unemotional professionalism which allows the viewer to realise that this has happened before. By pretending so strongly that it was in fact his mother who killed Marion, I think it is obvious he is trying to convince himself that he has done nothing wrong and, ultimately, that he is not mentally ill. The mise-en-scene when he sinks Marion’s car is representative of this. We see him framed next to a tree with a split trunk, suggestive to his split personality. The contrast between the two sides of Norman’s personality is extended in the scene which features Marion’s sister, Lila, as she searches the house for evidence relating to the murder. When she enters mother’s room, it looks very inhabited: the bed seems as if someone has just gotten up and the wardrobe is full of neatly stored clothes. Despite the clutter, everything is organised and tidy. I believe this highlights the extent of Bates’ mental illness as we see how much effort he has gone to keep up the illusion. The subjective close-up shot of the hands when Lila scans the dressing table suggests that Norman is still in the clutches of his mother and the darker side of his personality hence reminding us that he is not in control of his situation. Norman’s room provides a total contrast when compared with his mother’s. It is a lot smaller and appears to have remained the same since he was a child and contains an eclectic mix of the possessions of a childish boy and those of a twisted man. This conveys the idea that perhaps he is refusing to grow up or his mind has never developed past this stage. This idea combined with the toys explains his dependence on his mother and why he is so unwilling to leave her. The stuffed owl which sits at his door brings back the recurring motif of birds while also representing the ever present Mrs Bates. She is always watching him and he allows her to control him completely and make his decisions – just as if he were a child. The battle between good and evil continues as Lila makes her way down to the cellar and mother is finally revealed. As the scene ends the climax is completed with a close-up shot of â€Å"mother† which allows us to clearly see the light and dark reflecting in her eye sockets – representing the fact that it is possible for Norman to be both a fully good and fully evil character. Although we are now aware that mother is dead in reality, she continues to live on inside Norman. The last time we see the character of Norman Bates, he has been arrested and we are able to see that the dominant evil personality of â€Å"mother† has won and taken over. To display this, we hear Norman thinking in his mother’s voice and understand that he believes that he is her – unnervingly outlining the severity of his mental illness. The medium shot of Norman sitting in the chair is effective as it shows his body language while he behaves like an old woman; the image is creepy and, in my opinion, really gets under your skin. At this stage I think that it is important we hear mother before we see Norman as it allows the audience to realise that he is not really Norman any more, showing that he is still and not fighting with his inner self as it appears the battle for good over evil has finally been lost. As the camera zooms in on Norman, we see his blank stare change to a sinister grin and a super imposed shot of mother’s skull on his face which shows that the good side of him is trapped inside for what looks like forever. For me, the film did have a satisfying ending as we see the detective bring the case to a close so there are no more remaining questions, but the creepy smile we see at the end makes me think otherwise; leaving us at a cliff hanger of sorts. In conclusion, I believe that, with the use of media features such as characterisation and editing, Hitchcock is able to present a highly engaging struggle between good and evil. Although I did feel sympathy for the character of Norman, I believe that he did have the option to control his actions and get help to fight back against his evil personality but, as he relied on his mother too much, he did not want to push her away. However, while Marion’s decision to steal the money was irresponsible and out of character, I still feel that she did it with good intentions. Overall, I felt that the fact that evil came out on top rather than the more typical outcome made it particularly realistic as, in a real life situation, good would not always prevail.

Ordering System Essay

Introduction In recent years, technology is evolving rapidly. The use of computers is mostly needed for business day-to-day operations, evidently in most institutions like grocery stores. Grocery stores are familiar to most people and located throughout the country, although their sizes and range of goods and services often vary. Stores in the grocery store industry primarily sell a range of food items, but may also sell some nonfood goods. Most grocery store employees work in a clean, well-lighted, and climate-controlled environment. However, work at times can become hectic, and dealing with customers can be stressful with the use of manual process. In this study, we want to develop a new system for Jewel and Nickel Grocery Store Order System that will help them to minimize the time in taking the orders of their costumers, minimize the time in computing the total amount of each transactions, and to lessen the errors and problems in taking the costumers order for more efficient and time effective process. JEWEL AND NICKEL GROCERY STORE starts in 1990 with a capital of one thousand pesos only. The owner starts their grocery store on their own. The name of the store comes from the owner`s siblings Jewel their son and Nickel their daughter. Jewel and Nickel Store is located at PritilBinangonan Rizal and they are open at eight in the morning until six in the evening. After 22 years of selling quality goods, their store is now much bigger and now they have their own passenger boat and a lotto outlet. MISSION †¢To sell quality goods and to earn at least 3% profit. VISSION †¢To satisfy their costumer and to make sure that our goods are all in good quality.

Spirit Bound Chapter Five

I DECIDED IT'D BE BEST if Lissa and I stayed up late when we returned to her room, poring over the documents. She was a jumble of feelings when I told her about my encounter with Mikhail–which I hadn't mentioned to Mia. Lissa's initial reaction was surprise, but there were other things too. Fear over the trouble I could have gotten into. A bit of warm romanticism over what both Mikhail and I were willing to do for those we loved. Wonder if she would do the same if Christian were in that situation. She decided instantly that she would; her love for him was still that strong. Then she told herself that she actually didn't care about him anymore, which I would have found annoying if I wasn't so distracted. â€Å"What's wrong?† she asked. I'd sighed aloud in dismay without realizing it while I read her thoughts. Not wanting her to know I'd been perusing her mind, I pointed at the papers spread out on her bed. â€Å"Just trying to make sense of this.† Not entirely that far off from the truth. The prison's layout was complex. The cells occupied two floors and were tiny–only one prisoner per cell. The papers didn't explain why, but the reason was obvious. It went along with what Abe had said about keeping criminals from turning Strigoi. If I'd been locked away in prison for years, I could understand the temptation of cracking and killing my roommate to become Strigoi and escape. The cells were also kept housed in the very center of the building, surrounded by guards, offices, â€Å"exercise rooms,† a kitchen, and a feeders' room. The documents explained guard rotations, as well as prisoner feeding schedules. They were apparently escorted to the feeders one at a time, heavily guarded, and only allowed very short spurts of blood. Again, everything kept the prisoners weak and prevented them from turning Strigoi. It was all good information, but I had no reason to believe any of it was up-to-date, since the file was five years old. It was also likely the prison had all sorts of new surveillance equipment in place. Probably the only things we could count on being the same were the prison's location and the building's layout. â€Å"How good are you feeling about your charm-making skills?† I asked Lissa. Although she hadn't been able to put as much spirit healing into my ring as a woman I knew named Oksana could, I had noticed my darkness-induced temper soothed a little. Lissa'd made a ring for Adrian too, though I couldn't say for sure if it was what was helping him control his vices lately–vices he usually indulged in to control spirit. She shrugged and rolled over onto her back. Exhaustion filled her, but she was trying to stay awake for my sake. â€Å"Getting better. Wish I could meet Oksana.† â€Å"Maybe someday,† I said vaguely. I didn't think Oksana would ever leave Siberia. She'd run off with her guardian and wanted to keep a low profile. Besides, I didn't want Lissa over there anytime soon after my ordeals. â€Å"Have you been able to put in anything besides healing?† A moment later, I answered my own question. â€Å"Oh, right. The spoon.† Lissa grimaced, but it turned into a yawn. â€Å"I don't think it worked so well.† â€Å"Hmm.† â€Å"Hmm?† I glanced back at the blueprints. â€Å"I'm thinking if you could make a few more compulsion charms, it would go a long way to help with this. We need to make people see what we want them to see.† Surely if Victor–whose powers of compulsion were nowhere near hers–had managed a lust charm, she could do what I needed. She just needed more practice. She understood the basic principles but had trouble making her desired effects last. The only problem was that in asking her to do this, I was making her use more spirit. Even if the side effects didn't show up right away, they would likely come back to haunt her in the future. She glanced at me curiously, but when I saw her yawn again, I told her not to worry about it. I'd explain tomorrow. She offered no argument, and after a quick hug, we each retired to our own beds. We weren't going to get much sleep, but we had to get what we could. Tomorrow was a big day. I'd worn a variation of the guardians' formal black-and-white outfit when I went to Victor's trial. In normal bodyguard situations, we wore ordinary clothes. But for fancy events, they wanted us looking crisp and professional. The morning after our daring break-in, I got my first true taste of guardian fashion. I'd worn hand-me-down clothes at Victor's trial but now had an official guardian outfit, tailored exactly to my measurements: straight-legged black slacks, a white button-up blouse, and a black dress jacket that fit me perfectly. It certainly wasn't meant to be sexy, but the way it hugged my stomach and hips did good things for my body. I felt satisfied with my reflection in the mirror, and after several minutes of thought, I pulled my hair into a neatly braided bun that showed off my molnija marks. The skin was still irritated, but at least the bandage was gone. I looked very†¦ professional. I was actually kind of reminded of Sydney. She was an Alchemist–a human who worked with Moroi and dhampirs to hide the existence of vampires from the world. With her proper sense of fashion, she always looked ready for a business meeting. I kept wanting to send her a briefcase for Christmas. If ever there was a time for me to show off, today was the day. After the trials and graduation, this was the next biggest step in becoming a guardian. It was a luncheon that all new grads attended. Moroi eligible for new guardians would also attend, hoping to scope out the candidates. Our scores from school and the trials would have been made public knowledge by now, and this was a chance for Moroi to meet us and put in bids for who they wanted to guard them. Naturally, most guests would be royal, but a few other important Moroi would also qualify. I really had no interest in showing off and hooking a posh family. Lissa was the only one I wanted to guard. Still, I had to make a good impression. I needed to make it clear that I was the one who should be with her. She and I walked over to the royal ballroom together. It was the only place large enough to hold us all, since more than just St. Vladimir's grads were in attendance. All the American schools had sent their new recruits, and for a moment, I found the sea of black and white dizzying. Bits of color–royals dressed up in their finest clothing–livened the palette up a little. Around us, soft watercolor murals made the walls seem to glow. Lissa hadn't worn a ball gown or anything, but she looked very elegant in a formfitting teal dress made of raw silk. The royals mingled with the social ease they'd been raised with, but my classmates moved about uneasily. No one seemed to mind. It wasn't our job to seek out others; we would be approached. The grads all wore name tags–engraved metal ones. There were no HELLO, MY NAME IS†¦ stickers here. The tags made us identifiable so that the royals could come and do their interrogations. I didn't expect anyone except my friends to talk to me, so Lissa and I headed straight for the buffet and then occupied a quiet corner to munch on our canapes and caviar. Well, Lissa ate caviar. It reminded me too much of Russia. Adrian, of course, sought us out first. I gave him a crooked grin. â€Å"What are you doing here? I know you aren't eligible for a guardian.† With no concrete plans for his future, it was assumed Adrian would simply live at Court. As such, he'd need no outside protection–though he'd certainly qualify if he chose to strike out into the world. â€Å"True, but I could hardly miss a party,† he said. He held a glass of champagne in his hand, and I wondered if the effects of the ring Lissa had given him were wearing off. Of course, the occasional drink really wasn't the end of the world, and the dating proposal's language had been loose in that area. It was mostly the smoking I wanted him to stay away from. â€Å"Have you been approached by a dozen hopeful people?† I shook my head. â€Å"Who wants reckless Rose Hathaway? The one who drops out without warning to do her own thing?† â€Å"Plenty,† he said. â€Å"I sure do. You kicked ass in the battle, and remember–everyone thinks you went off on some Strigoi-killing spree. Some might think it's worth your crazy personality.† â€Å"He's right,† a voice suddenly said. I looked up and saw Tasha Ozera standing near us, a small smile on her scarred face. In spite of the disfigurement, I thought she looked beautiful today–more royal than I'd ever seen her. Her long black hair gleamed, and she wore a navy skirt and lacy tank top. She even had on high heels and jewelry–something I was certain I'd never seen her wearing. I was happy to see her; I hadn't known she'd come to Court. An odd thought occurred to me. â€Å"Have they finally let you have a guardian?† The royals had a lot of quiet, polite ways of shunning those who were in disgrace. In the Ozeras' case, their guardian allotment had been cut in half as kind of a punishment for what Christian's parents had done. It was totally unfair. The Ozeras deserved the same rights as any other royal family. She nodded. â€Å"I think they're hoping it'll shut me up about Moroi fighting with dhampirs. Kind of a bribe.† â€Å"One you won't fall for, I'm sure.† â€Å"Nope. If anything, it'll just give me someone to practice with.† Her smile faded, and she cast uncertain looks among us. â€Å"I hope you won't be offended†¦ but I put in a request for you, Rose.† Lissa and I exchanged startled glances. â€Å"Oh.† I didn't know what else to say. â€Å"I hope they'll give you to Lissa,† Tasha added hastily, clearly uncomfortable. â€Å"But the queen seems pretty dead-set on her own choices. If that's the case†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's okay,† I said. â€Å"If I can't be with Lissa, then I really would rather be with you.† It was the truth. I wanted Lissa more than anyone else in the world, but if they kept us apart, then I'd absolutely prefer Tasha to some snobby royal. Of course, I was pretty sure my odds of getting assigned to her were as bad as those of getting assigned to Lissa. Those who were angry at me for running off would go out of their way to put me in the most unpleasant situation possible. And even if she was being granted a guardian, I had a feeling Tasha's preferences wouldn't be high priority either. My future was still a big question mark. â€Å"Hey,† exclaimed Adrian, offended that I hadn't named him as my second choice. I shook my head at him. â€Å"You know they'd assign me to a woman anyway. Besides, you've got to do something with your life to earn a guardian.† I meant it jokingly, but a small frown made me think I might have actually hurt his feelings. Tasha, meanwhile, looked relieved. â€Å"I'm glad you don't mind. In the meantime, I'll do what I can to help you two.† She rolled her eyes. â€Å"Not that my opinion counts for much.† Sharing my misgivings about getting assigned to Tasha seemed pointless. Instead, I started to thank her for the offer, but we were then joined by yet another visitor: Daniella Ivashkov. â€Å"Adrian,† she chastised gently, a small smile on her face, â€Å"you can't keep Rose and Vasilisa all to yourself.† She turned to Lissa and me. â€Å"The queen would like to see you both.† Lovely. We both stood up, but Adrian remained sitting, having no desire to visit his aunt. Tasha apparently didn't either. Seeing her, Daniella gave a curt, polite nod. â€Å"Lady Ozera.† She then walked away, assuming we'd follow. I found it ironic that Daniella seemed willing to accept me but still held that typical aloof Ozera-prejudice. I guess her niceness only went so far. Tasha, however, had long since grown immune to that sort of treatment. â€Å"Have fun,† she said. She looked over at Adrian. â€Å"More champagne?† â€Å"Lady Ozera,† he said grandly, â€Å"you and I are two minds with a single thought.† I hesitated before following Lissa to Tatiana. I'd taken in Tasha's grand appearance but only now really paid attention to something. â€Å"Is all your jewelry silver?† I asked. She absentmindedly touched the opal necklace around her neck. Her fingers were adorned with three rings. â€Å"Yes,† she said, confused. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"This is going to sound really weird†¦ well, maybe not compared to my normal weirdness. But could we, um, borrow all of those?† Lissa shot me a look and immediately guessed my motives. We needed more charms and were short on silver. Tasha arched an eyebrow, but like so many of my friends, she had a remarkable ability to roll with weird ideas. â€Å"Sure,† she said. â€Å"But can I give them to you later? I don't really want to strip my jewelry in the middle of this party.† â€Å"No problem.† â€Å"I'll have them sent to your room.† With that settled, Lissa and I walked over to where Tatiana was surrounded by admirers and those wanting to suck up. Daniella had to be mistaken in saying Tatiana wanted to see both of us. The memory of her yelling at me over Adrian still burned in my head, and dinner at the Ivashkovs' hadn't fooled me into thinking the queen and I were suddenly best friends. Yet, astonishingly, when she caught sight of Lissa and me, she was all smiles. â€Å"Vasilisa. And Rosemarie.† She beckoned us closer, and the group parted. I approached with Lissa, my steps tentative. Was I going to get yelled at in front of all these people? Apparently not. There were always new royals to meet, and Tatiana first introduced Lissa to all of them. Everyone was curious about the Dragomir princess. I was introduced as well, though the queen didn't go out of her way to sing my praises as she did Lissa's. Still, being acknowledged at all was incredible. â€Å"Vasilisa,† said Tatiana, once the formalities were finished, â€Å"I was thinking you should visit Lehigh soon. Arrangements are being made for you to go in, oh, maybe a week and a half. We thought it would be a nice treat for your birthday. Serena and Grant will accompany you, naturally, and I'll send a few others.† Serena and Grant were the guardians who had replaced Dimitri and me as Lissa's future protection. Of course they'd be going with her. Then, Tatiana said the most startling thing of all. â€Å"And you can go too, if you'd like, Rose. Vasilisa could hardly celebrate without you.† Lissa lit up. Lehigh University. The lure that had made her accept a life at Court. Lissa yearned for as much knowledge as she could get, and the queen had given her a chance at it. The prospect of a visit totally filled her with eagerness and excitement–especially if she could celebrate her eighteenth birthday there with me. It was enough to distract her from Victor and Christian, which was saying something. â€Å"Thank you, Your Majesty. That'd be great.† There was a strong possibility, I knew, that we might not be around for this scheduled visit–not if my plan for Victor worked. But I didn't want to ruin Lissa's happiness–and I could hardly mention it in this royal crowd. I was also kind of stunned that I'd been invited at all. After issuing the invite, the queen said nothing else to me and continued speaking with the others around her. Yet, she'd been pleasant–for her, at least–while addressing me, just as she had at the Ivashkov home. Not best-friend nice but certainly not raving-bitch insane, either. Maybe Daniella had been right. More pleasantries followed as everyone chatted and tried to impress the queen, and it soon became clear that I was no longer needed. Glancing around the room, I found someone I needed to talk to and meekly separated myself from the group, knowing Lissa could fend for herself. â€Å"Eddie,† I called, reaching the other side of the ballroom. â€Å"Alone at last.† Eddie Castile, a longtime friend of mine, grinned when he saw me. He too was a dhampir, tall with a long, narrow face that still had a cute, boyish look to it. He had tamed his dark, sandy-blond hair for a change. Lissa had once hoped Eddie and I would date, but he and I were strictly just friends. His best friend had been Mason, a sweet guy who'd been crazy about me and who had been murdered by Strigoi. After his death, Eddie and I had adopted protective attitudes toward each other. He'd later been kidnapped during the attack at St. Vladimir's, and his experiences had made him a serious and determined guardian–sometimes a little too serious. I wanted him to have more fun and was delighted to see the happy glint in his hazel eyes now. â€Å"I think every royal in the room's been trying to bribe you,† I teased. It wasn't entirely a joke. I'd been keeping an eye on him throughout the party, and there'd always been someone with him. His record was stellar. Surviving the awful events in his life might have scarred him, but they reflected well on his skills. He had great grades and ratings from the trial. Most importantly, he didn't have my reckless reputation. He was a good catch. â€Å"Kind of seems that way.† He laughed. â€Å"I didn't really expect it.† â€Å"You're so modest. You're the hottest thing in this room.† â€Å"Not compared to you.† â€Å"Yeah. As shown by the people lining up to talk to me. Tasha Ozera's the only one who wants me as far as I know. And Lissa, of course.† Lines of thought creased Eddie's face. â€Å"Could be worse.† â€Å"It will be worse. No way will I get either of them.† We fell silent, and a sudden anxiety filled me. I'd come to ask a favor of Eddie, and it no longer seemed like a good idea. Eddie was on the verge of a shining career. He was a loyal friend, and I'd been certain he'd help with what I needed†¦ but I suddenly didn't think I could ask. Like Mia, however, Eddie was observant. â€Å"What's wrong, Rose?† His voice was concerned–that protective nature kicking in. I shook my head. I couldn't do it. â€Å"Nothing.† â€Å"Rose,† he said warningly. I looked away, unable to meet his eyes. â€Å"It's not important. Really.† I'd find another way, someone else. To my surprise, he reached out to touch my chin and tip my head back up. His gaze caught mine, allowing no escape. â€Å"What do you need?† I stared at him for a long time. I was so selfish, risking the lives and reputations of friends I cared about. If Christian and Lissa weren't on the outs, I'd be asking him, too. But Eddie was all that was left to me. â€Å"I need something†¦ something that's pretty extreme.† His face was still serious, but his lips tugged into a wry smile. â€Å"Everything you do is extreme, Rose.† â€Å"Not like this. This is†¦ well, it's something that could ruin everything for you. Get you in big trouble. I can't do that to you.† That half smile vanished. â€Å"It doesn't matter,† he said fiercely. â€Å"If you need me, I'll do it. No matter what it is.† â€Å"You don't know what it is.† â€Å"I trust you.† â€Å"It's kind of illegal. Treasonous, even.† That took him aback for a moment, but he stayed resolute. â€Å"Whatever you need. I don't care. I've got your back.† I'd saved Eddie's life twice, and I knew he meant what he said. He felt indebted to me. He would go wherever I asked, not out of romantic love, but out of friendship and loyalty. â€Å"It's illegal,† I repeated. â€Å"You'd have to sneak out of Court†¦ tonight. And I don't know when we'd be back.† It was entirely possible that we wouldn't come back. If we had a run-in with prison guards†¦ well, they might take lethal measures to do their duty. It was what all of us had trained for. But I couldn't pull this breakout off with Lissa's compulsion alone. I needed another fighter at my back. â€Å"Just tell me when.† And that was all there was to it. I didn't tell him the full extent of our plan, but I gave him that night's rendezvous location and told him what he would need to bring. He never questioned me. He said he'd be there. New royals came to talk to him just then, and I left him, knowing he'd show up later. It was hard, but I pushed aside my guilt over possibly endangering his future. Eddie arrived, just as he'd promised, when my plan unfolded later that night. Lissa did too. Again, night meant â€Å"broad daylight.† I felt that same anxiety I did when we'd sneaked around with Mia. Light exposed everything, but then, most people were asleep. Lissa, Eddie, and I still moved through the Court's grounds as covertly as we could, meeting Mikhail in a section of the compound that held all sorts of garaged vehicles. The garages were big metal, industrial-looking buildings set on the fringes of Court, and no one else was out. We slipped into the garage he'd indicated last night, and I was relieved to find no one else there. He surveyed the three of us, looking surprised at my â€Å"strike team,† but he offered no questions and made no further attempts to join us. More guilt surged up within me. Here was someone else who was risking his future for me. â€Å"Gonna be a tight fit,† he mused. I forced a smile. â€Å"We're all friends here.† Mikhail didn't laugh at my joke but instead popped the trunk of a black Dodge Charger. He wasn't kidding about the tight fit. It was a newer one, which was kind of a shame. An older model would have been bigger, but guardians only kept top-of-the-line stuff around. â€Å"Once we're far enough away, I'll pull over and let you out,† he said. â€Å"We'll be fine,† I assured him. â€Å"Let's do this.† Lissa, Eddie, and I crawled into the trunk. â€Å"Oh God,† muttered Lissa. â€Å"I hope no one's claustrophobic.† It was like a bad game of Twister. The trunk was large enough for some luggage but not intended for three people. We were squeezed together, and personal space was nonexistent. We were all up close and personal. Satisfied we were all snug, Mikhail closed the trunk and darkness engulfed us. The engine started a minute later, and I felt the car move. â€Å"How long until you think we stop?† asked Lissa. â€Å"Or die from carbon monoxide poisoning?† â€Å"We haven't even left the Court yet,† I noted. She sighed. The car drove off, and not too long afterward, we came to a stop. Mikhail must have reached the gates and been chatting with the guards. He'd told me earlier that he'd come up with some excuse or other to run an errand, and we had no reason to believe the guards would question him or search the car. The Court wasn't worried about people sneaking out, like our school had been. The biggest concern here was people getting inside. A minute passed, and I uneasily wondered if there was a problem. Then the car moved again, and all three of us exhaled in relief. We picked up speed, and after what I suspected was a mile or so, the car veered sideways and came to a stop. The trunk popped open, and we spilled out of it. I'd never been so grateful for fresh air. I got in the passenger seat beside Mikhail, and Lissa and Eddie took the back. Once we were settled, Mikhail continued driving without another word. I allowed myself a few more moments of guilt over the people I'd involved but then let it go. It was too late to worry now. I also let go of my guilt about Adrian. He would have been a good ally, but I could hardly ask for his help in this. And with that, I settled back and turned my thoughts to the job before us. It would take us about an hour to get to the airport, and from there, the three of us were off to Alaska.

Are Advertisements Aimed at Teenagers Effective? And, are They Ethical?

Questions to research: Are advertisements aimed at teenagers effective? And, are they ethical? My Response: Most advertisements aimed at teenagers are effective, but usually are not ethical. Most marketers have many ways of gathering information on teenagers spending habits and what is most important to teens. With this information they’re able to create advertisements that will appeal to most teens and create profit. Many people argue that some or most of these ads aren’t ethical because they will create a problem or insecurity and then give the solution to that problem in the form of their product.Teens will listen to other teens in ads. http://www. utalkmarketing. com/pages/article. aspx? articleid=14465&title=teens-will-listen-to-other-teens-in-ads Central Idea: The most effective ads show teens using and enjoying a product. The least effective were those that caused an emotional response. A teen’s acceptance of ads varies according to the media platform. The medium with the lowest teen ad acceptance was texting. The â€Å"Teen Advertising Study†, compiled with the help of the University of Massachusetts, showed that teens were more susceptible to online ads if they could relate to it and if they found it funny.Advertising to Teens http://suite101. com/a/advertising-to-teens-a14289 Central Idea: Marketers love teens because they easily spend money on â€Å"luxury† items such as clothing, electronics, and music. They mostly make their purchase decisions independently, have significant influence on family purchases, and companies know that once they have â€Å"branded† a child, they are likely to be customers for life. They reach kids by advertising in magazines, movies, TV shows, and on the internet. Companies get info about kids spending habits from internet â€Å"quizzes† and â€Å"surveys†.Marketers know how to capitalize on important teen issues and anxieties, like body image, peer acceptance, cooln ess, and need for power. Marketers often use a theme or attitude like sex or alcohol and drug use that seems to raise the â€Å"coolness factor† of their product. Advertising is so effective because it creates insecurities about things such as appearance. Successful ads convince the viewer that they have a problem and then offer the solution, which is the product they’re selling.This gives off the messages that teens aren’t good enough the way they are and many kids unwillingly buy into that message which is causing kids to grow up in the most materialistic society we’ve ever had. Most of the things that are advertised to teens do not promote healthy development.Central Idea: In one year, teens view more than 40,000 ads on TV alone while also being exposed to ads on the internet, in magazines, and in schools.Teens are often the main target for marketers because they are always willing to spend money on the newest â€Å"luxury† items. Teens strive t o have the newest electronics, clothing, and other overly advertised items. Marketers know how to target teen issues such as body image, peer pressure, and the need for acceptance. On average, teens are exposed to 3,000 ads per day. Teenagers, on average, spend $155 billion per year on advertised products, also influencing their parents to spend another $200 billion per year. Recent studies have shown tobacco companies use their ads to target teens as young as 13-years-old.Another major advertiser is the alcohol industry, using ads that feature young, attractive people drinking or posing with their beverages. Ads affect teen psychologically by exposing them to ads that suggest they are not what the entertainment business considers attractive. Ads can be harmful to teens by lowering their self-esteem. Children, Adolescents, and Advertising http://pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/118/6/2563. full Central Idea: Children and teens view 40,000 ads per year on TV alone even though the Children’s Television Act of 1990 limits advertising on children’s programming to 10.5 minutes/hour on weekends and 12 minutes/hour on weekdays.M-rated video games, which are not recommended for children younger than 17-years-old, are frequently advertised in movie theaters, video game magazines, and publications with high youth readership. Young people see 45% more beer ads and 27% more ads for hard liquor in teen magazines than adults to in their magazines. An increasing number of web sites try to get teens to make direct sales. More than 100 commercial websites promote alcohol products.Most advertisers use techniques that children and teens are more vulnerable to, like product placement in movies and TV shows, action figures, kid’s clubs, and celebrity endorsements. Sex is used in commercials to sell almost anything now. American ads constantly use thin female models, which contribute to the development of self-esteem issues in young girls. Thesis Statem ent With marketers aiming their advertisements more towards teens every day, researchers are looking into how effective and ethical these advertisements really are. OutlineThe Ethics and Effectiveness on Advertising toward Teens Thesis statement: With marketers aiming their advertisements more towards teens every day, researchers are looking into how effective and ethical these advertisements really are. I. Teens are being exposed to advertisements more each day. a. . Companies gather info about teens’ spending habits from internet â€Å"quizzes† and â€Å"surveys†. b. Children and teens view more than 40,000 ads per year on TV alone. c. More than 160 magazines are now targeted towards teens. II. Different factors will make an ad effective.a. Teen’s acceptance of ads depends on the media platform. i. Sponsorships of live events had the highest level of acceptance. ii. Text messaging had the lowest level of acceptance. b. Least effective ads were those tha t caused an emotional response.The advertising strategies marketers use have been shown to be unethicalM-rated video games are frequently advertised in movie theaters, video game magazines, and publications with high youth readershipYoung people see 45% more beer ads and 27% more ads for hard liquor in teen magazines than  adults to in their magazines.Advertising is so effective because it creates insecurities about things such as appearance.American ads constantly use thin female models, which contribute to the development of self-esteem issues in young girls.Gives off the message that teens aren’t good enough the way they are.Body Paragraphs I believe that the advertisements aimed at teens are effective, but unethical. Through a number of research tactics marketers are finding ways to keep up with the ever changing trends in teen culture.With the information they gather they’re able to produce advertisements that ultimately pressure their audience into buying their product. With marketers aiming their advertisements more towards teens every day, researchers are looking into how effective and ethical these advertisements really are. Technology based advertisements are effective among teens because of how often they are exposed to ads, the ads appeal to their lifestyles, and even sometimes pressure teens into buying their products. Advertisements have rapidly been integrated into the world around us.â€Å"Young people view more than 40 000 ads per year on television alone and increasingly are being exposed to advertising on the Internet, in magazines, and in schools. † Teens are heavily influenced by these ads because of how often they are exposed to them. Marketers are gathering information about teens’ spending habits through quizzes and surveys. ‘Teen Advertising Study’, which was compiled in conjunction with the University of Massachusetts, revealed that teens were more susceptible to online advertising if they co uld relate to it and if they found it funny. †With information like this they’re able to determine what type of ads would be effective on the teens of today. Different factors can make an ad effective, such as how they’re viewed and if it’s relatable to their audience. The most effective ads showed teens using and enjoying their product. For example, in this PlayStation 4 Interface commercial, you’re shown teens happy with their product and you’re given a glimpse of some features. This is considered an effective ad because it features the newest upgrade of their product, they’re being shown new features and games, and seeing other teens happy  with the product would give them a positive feeling about having it.This ad also shows both genders enjoying their product, suggesting they support both genders using the PS4. An example of an ineffective ad would be the Microsoft Surface commercial, in this commercial you can see people enjoyi ng their product but you’re not given a look at what their product can do. It’s a fun ad to watch, but it doesn’t provide enough information for a teen to considering buying their product. Lastly, many advertisements aimed at teens have been said to be unethical in order to be effective.Marketers will bring up a problem in their advertisement; this problem might be based on social status, then they will provide a solution in the form of their product. For example, in this Samsung Galaxy S4 commercial you see only younger people using their product while the older people are just learning about this product. This suggests that if you have their product you’d be cool and up to date with the world around you. This ad seems to guilt the target into thinking what they have isn’t good enough and their product would make them cooler. Conclusion In conclusion, I think advertisements aimed at teens are effective, but unethical.Teens are being exposed to adv ertisements more each day. Advertisements can be found all around them, in schools, online, through T. V. , etc. Marketers are constantly doing research to improve ads to be more appealing to their target audience, teens. Through the information they gather, they can create advertisements that will persuade their audience into buying their product. An effective ad would feature other teens enjoying their product. An effective, but unethical ad, would be an ad that brings up a problem, such as a teen’s social status, and then present a solution in the form of their product.

Designing and Developing an e-Learning Course Research Paper

Designing and Developing an e-Learning Course - Research Paper Example Since the world is becoming a global community, a new world order has forced educational institutions to focus the curricula to meet the expectations of a heightened educational system. Based on these pressures, wise and thoughtful leadership is crucial to ensure curriculum decisions made are responsive to the changing demands of the education sector. Educators need a wide knowledge base regarding curriculum theory, inquiry, and development. Educators also need to understand the change processes that are set to meet the high requirements of education. Therefore, this course is designed to develop a foundation of decision making that blends the origins of education and curriculum with the currents needs and expectations in education. EDU 577 is designed to help students view, analyze and interpret the curriculum and related instructions of education institutions and develop relevant skills that may help bring change in society. EDU 577 is an e-learning course that will be taught fully online. Learners will be expected to complete assigned text readings from the main text and other online readings related to the course sequence of the selected curriculum topics. The course will be very participatory in nature. Teaching of the course will be in the form of curriculum topics in which the students will complete assigned activities under each topic. Students will conduct independent research and write paper or report at the end of the course. Students should interact, participate and contribute towards the success of the course. I. This course aims at helping the students explore the writings and arguments of various scholars and theorists in education. Such understanding will help examine the curricula from various perspectives III. The course aims at ensuring that the students refine their knowledge and analytical skills in understanding how the various components of instruction - curriculum, teacher, students